Building the Global Hydrogen Economy: Technologies and Opportunities

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The transition to a hydrogen economy will require large investments in capital equipment and durable goods at every stage of the hydrogen chain, from production of hydrogen through its distribution and storage to the conversion of the hydrogen to useful work or energy. These investments are both an economic challenge, to the extent that they require the mobilization of sufficient financial resources, and a business opportunity for providers of related goods and services

SCOPE OF STUDY

This report contains:

• The worldwide market for technologies used in the production, storage, and distribution of hydrogen; its conversion to other forms of energy or direct consumption as a fuel; and miscellaneous other types of hydrogen-related technology such as hydrogen sensors
• Key enabling technologies for the hydrogen economy, their commercial or developmental status
• Developments that will influence commercial prospects/demand for hydrogen technologies
• Hydrogen technology market projections through 2012
• Key patents
• Government programs and policies in support of the hydrogen economy
• Technology vendor profiles.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

The findings and conclusions of this report are based on information gathered from producers and users of hydrogen production, storage, distribution, conversion, and using equipment, as well as engineering and consulting firms and government and academic research organizations. Interview data were combined with information gathered through an extensive review of secondary sources such as trade publications, trade associations, company literature, and online databases to produce the market projections contained in this report.

The base year for analysis and projection is 2006. With 2006 as a baseline, market projections were developed for 2007 to 2012. These projections are based on a combination of a consensus among the primary contacts and our understanding of the key market drivers and their impact from a historical and analytical perspective.

The methodologies and assumptions used to develop the market projections in this report are discussed at length under the various types of hydrogen-related plant and equipment addressed. The report carefully documents data sources and assumptions. This way, readers can see how the market estimates were developed and, if they so desire, test the impact on the final numbers resulting from changing various assumptions.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY BACKGROUND
  • GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
  • INTENDED AUDIENCE
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
  • ANALYST CREDENTIALS
  • RELATED BCC RESEARCH
  • BCC ONLINE SERVICES
  • DISCLAIMER
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • Summary Table:
  • BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: PROJECTED GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Summary Figure:
  • BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY SHARES, 2006 AND 2012 ($ OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS IN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT)
  • Summary Figure (continued)
• OVERVIEW
  • THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY
    • DEFINITIONS
    • CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN
    • GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF HYDROGEN
  • Figure 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION)
  • Table 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION TONS)
  • Figure 2 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION TRENDS, 2006-2012 (MILLION TONS)
    • RATIONALE FOR A HYDROGEN ECONOMY
      • Economic
      • Environmental
      • Energy Security
      • Economic Development
      • Other Socioeconomic Impacts
  • TECHNOLOGIES
    • HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
    • HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
    • HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGIES
    • ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
    • DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES
    • OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
  • MARKET SUMMARY
  • Table 2 BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Figure 3 BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TECHNOLOGY SHARES, 2006-2012 (PERCENT OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS)
  • Figure 3 (CONTINUED)
• GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTED HYDROGEN INITIATIVES
  • UNITED STATES
    • FEDERAL INITIATIVES
      • Hydrogen Fuel Initiative
  • Figure 4 U.S. HYDROGEN FUEL INITIATIVE BUDGET, FY2004-FY2008 ($ MILLION)
  • Figure 5 EERE HYDROGEN BUDGET, FY 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL EERE HYDROGEN BUDGET)
    • FreedomCAR and Vehicles Technology Program
  • Figure 6 U.S. FREEDOMCAR AND VEHICLES TECHNOLOGY BUDGET FY2004-FY2008 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Other U.S. Government Programs and Initiatives
  • STATE INITIATIVES
    • California
    • New York
    • Florida
    • Other States
  • REGIONAL INITIATIVES
    • The Public Fuel Cell Alliance
    • Upper Midwest Hydrogen Initiative
• EUROPEAN UNION
  • EU PROGRAMS
    • EU Framework Program
  • Figure 7 EU INVESTMENTS IN HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL RESEARCH, 1986-2006 (MILLION EUROS)
  • Figure 8 EU FP6 HYDROGEN INVESTMENTS BY AREA (PERCENT OF TOTAL HYDROGEN INVESTMENTS)
  • CO2 Emissions Restrictions
• EU MEMBER STATES
  • Germany
  • France
  • Italy
• JAPAN
  • Table 3 HYDROGEN COMMERCIALIZATION TARGETS IN JAPAN
    • CHINA
    • INDIA
    • OTHER COUNTRIES
      • AUSTRALIA
      • CANADA
      • ICELAND
      • KOREA
      • RUSSIA
  • INTERGOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMS
    • U.S.-EU COLLABORATION
    • INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP FOR THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY
    • INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY HYDROGEN COORDINATOIN GROUP
• HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
  • SUMMARY
  • PRINCIPLE TECHNOLOGIES
    • THERMAL PROCESSES
  • Table 4 THERMAL PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN
  • Table 4 (CONTINUED)
    • Steam Reforming of Natural Gas
    • Partial Oxidation
    • Autothermal Reforming
    • Coal Gasification
      • Coal Gasification (Continued)
      • FutureGen
  • Carbon Black and Hydrogen Process
  • Biomass Gasification
    • Gasification with Oxygen
      • HydroMax Process
      • Startech Process
  • Pyrolysis
    • NREL/Eprida Process
  • Reforming of Renewable Liquid Fuels
    • ECD Ovonics
    • HTC Purenergy
    • Innovatek
  • High Temperature Water Splitting
    • Sulfure-Iodine Cycle
  • ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES
  • Table 5 ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN
    • Conventional Electrolysis
    • High Temperature Electrolysis
      • Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
      • Energy Sources
        • Nuclear Reactors
        • Solar Concentrators
  • Technological Challenges
• Other Electrolytic Technologies for Hydrogen Production
  • Hybrid Thermochemical/ Electrolytic Processes
    • Hybrid Sulfur Process
    • SRI Process
  • PHOTOLYTIC PROCESSES
  • Table 6 PHOTOLYTIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN
    • Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
    • Photobiological Water Splitting
  • OTHER TYPES OF PROCESSES
    • "Dark" Fermentation
  • PATENT ANALYSIS
    • PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE
  • Figure 9 U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 1975 -2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
    • PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME
  • Table 7 U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Figure 10 TRENDS IN U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
    • MAJOR IP PORTFOLIOS
  • Figure 11 MAJOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IP PORTFOLIOS, U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED, 1975-2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED*)
    • MARKETS
  • Table 8 MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT USED TO GENERATE HYDROGEN FOR DIRECT ENERGY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • LARGE CENTRALIZED HYDROGEN PLANTS
      • 2006 to 2007 Time Frame
        • U.S. Space Shuttle Program
      • 2008 to 2012 Time Frame
        • FutureGen
        • Other Projects
        • Total Large-Scale Project Outlays
  • DECENTRALIZED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
    • External Fuel Cell Reformers
  • Table 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL REFORMERS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • PAFC Reformers
    • PEMFC Reformers
  • Hydrogen Stations
    • Hydrogen Stations (Continued)
• HYDROGEN STORAGE
  • SUMMARY
  • PRINCIPLE TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 10 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 2010 TARGETS FOR ONBOARD HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS
  • Table 11 HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
    • DIRECT STORAGE OF HYDROGEN
      • Gaseous Storage
        • Current Gaseous Hydrogen Storage Technology
        • Geologic Bulk Storage Systems
  • Liquid Storage
    • BMW Dual Fuel Thermo-Tank
    • Future Developments
  • HYDROCARBONS
    • Technologies
      • Onboard Reforming of Hydrocarbons
        • Approaches to Onboard Reforming
        • External Reforming
        • Internal Reforming
        • Advantages and Disadvantages of Onboard Reforming
        • Commercial Status of Onboard Reforming
        • IdaTech
        • Innovatek
  • Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells
    • Types of Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells
    • Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
    • Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
    • Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells
    • Commercial Status of Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells
  • AMMONIA STORAGE
    • Ammonia-Borane Storage
    • Ammonia-Sea Salt Storage
  • METAL HYDRIDES
    • General Principles
    • Types of Metal Hydrides
    • Advantages and Disadvantages for Hydrogen Storage
    • Commercial Status
  • ZEOLITES
    • General Principles
    • Types of Zeolites
      • ZK-5
      • CD-Exchanged Rho Zeolite
      • Magnesium-Optimized Zeolites for Hydrogen Storage
      • Other Zeolites
  • OTHER NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
    • Carbon Nanotubes/Buckyballs
    • Metal-Organic Frameworks
  • OTHER STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
    • Phosphonium Borate
    • Polymers
      • Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
      • Conformal Polymeric Foams
      • Ethylene
  • Hollow Glass Microspheres
  • PATENT ANALYSIS
    • PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE
  • Figure 12 U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
    • PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME
  • Table 12 U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Figure 13 TRENDS IN U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
    • MAJOR IP PORTFOLIOS
  • Figure 14 MAJOR HYDROGEN STORAGE IP PORTFOLIOS, U.S. ISSUED, 1975-2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 14 (CONTINUED)
    • MARKETS
  • SUMMARY
  • Table 13 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES*, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • PRESSURIZED STORAGE CYLINDERS
  • Table 14 MARKET FOR PRESSURIZED CYLINDERS USED TO STORE HYDROGEN, 2006-2012 ($ MILLION)
    • HYDROGEN FUEL TANKS
  • Table 15 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN FUEL TANKS USED IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012* ($ MILLION)
• BULK HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION
  • SUMMARY
  • PRINCIPLE TECHNOLOGIES
    • TANK TRUCKS, RAILCARS, BARGES
    • TUBE TRAILERS
    • PIPELINES
      • New Hydrogen Pipeline Materials
      • Mixed Hydrogen/Natural Gas Pipelines
        • Commingled Hydrogen and Natural Gas
        • Alternating Hydrogen and Natural Gas
  • Other Technical Issues
    • Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Pipeline Materials
    • Hydrogen Permeation and Leaks
    • Compression Technology
      • Single Screw Hydrogen Compressor
      • Hydride-Based Hydrogen Compression
  • Alternatives to Transmission of Gaseous Hydrogen
• HYDROGEN STATIONS
  • Hydrogen Filling Stations
    • Mobile Hydrogen Refuelers
  • Hydrogen Home Stations
• PATENT ANALYSIS
  • PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 15 U.S. HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS ISSUED BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED*)
    • PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE
  • Figure 16 U.S. HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS ISSUED BY ASSIGNEE, THROUGH APRIL 2007, (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED*)
  • Figure 16 (CONTINUED)
    • MARKETS
  • Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 ($ BILLION)
    • TRANSMISSION
  • Figure 17 SOURCES OF HYDROGEN FUEL FOR EXISTING AND PLANNED HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS, 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL EXISTING AND CURRENTLY PLANNED HYDROGEN STATIONS)
    • Liquid Hydrogen Tankers
  • Table 17 LIQUID HYDROGEN TANKER TRUCK MARKET, 2006-2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
    • Tube Trailers
  • Table 18 COMPRESSED HYDROGEN TUBE TRAILER MARKET, 2006-2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
    • Pipelines
  • HYDROGEN STATIONS
  • Table 19 HYDROGEN STATION MARKET, 2006-2012 (NUMBER OF STATIONS/$ MILLION)
    • Hydrogen Filling Stations
  • Table 20 NUMBER OF HYDROGEN STATIONS IN SERVICE WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2006
  • Figure 18 TREND IN NUMBER OF HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS WORLDWIDE, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF STATIONS)
  • Table 21 PROJECTED NUMBER OF HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS IN SERVICE WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 22 PROJECTED GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN NEW HYDROGEN FUELING STATIONS, THROUGH 2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
    • Hydrogen Home Stations
  • Table 23 PROJECTED GLOBAL PURCHASES OF HYDROGEN HOME STATIONS, THROUGH 2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
• ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION
  • SUMMARY
  • PRINCIPLE TECHNOLOGIES
    • DESCRIPTION
  • Figure 19 FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES
    • MAIN TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 24 MAJOR FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
    • Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
    • Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
    • Alkaline Fuel Cells
    • Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
    • Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
    • Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
  • PATENT ANALYSIS
    • PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE
  • Figure 20 U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
    • PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME
  • Table 25 U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Figure 21 TRENDS IN US FUEL CELL PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
    • MAJOR IP PORTFOLIOS
  • Figure 22 MAJOR FUEL CELL IP PORTFOLIOS, U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED, 1975-2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 22 (CONTINUED)
    • MARKETS
  • Table 26 FUEL CELL SALES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLION)
  • Figure 23 GLOBAL FUEL CELL SALES, 2006-2012 ($ BILLION)
  • Figure 24 FUEL CELL MARKET SHARES BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (PERCENT OF TOTAL $ SALES)
  • Figure 24 (CONTINUED)
• DIRECT COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN
  • SUMMARY
  • TECHNOLOGIES
    • INTERNAL COMBUSION ENGINES
      • Hydrogen Internal Combusion Engines
        • BMW Dual-Fuel Technology
        • Ford/Mazda Technology
  • Hybrid Hydrogen-Electric Propulsion Systems
  • Hydrogen-Boosted Gasoline Engines
• TURBINES
  • PATENTS
  • MARKETS
  • Table 27 MARKET FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 ($ MILLION)
    • HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • Table 28 MARKET FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION ENGINES, THROUGH 2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
  • HYDROGEN TURBINES
• OTHER HYDROGEN-RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
  • HYDROGEN SENSORS
    • TECHNOLOGIES
      • MEMS Hydrogen Sensors
      • Hydrogen Nanosensors
        • Nanoscale Palladium Thin Film Sensors
        • Carbon Nanotube-Based Hydrogen Sensors
        • Titania Nanotube-Based Hydrogen Sensors
        • Nanowire-Based Hydrogen Sensors
  • PATENTS
  • Figure 25 HOLDERS OF US HYDROGEN SENSOR PATENTS, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED*)
    • MARKETS
  • Table 29 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN SENSORS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
• COMPANY PROFILES
  • ACTA SPA
  • ADVANCED MATERIALS CORP.
  • AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
  • ALCHEMIX CORP.
  • AMMINEX A/S
  • ARVINMERITOR, INC.
  • BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
  • BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG
  • BIOHYDROGEN
  • CERAMATEC
  • DIVERSIFIED ENERGY CORP.
  • DYNETEK INDUSTRIES, LTD.
  • ECD OVONICS
  • E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
  • ENGINEERED GAS SYSTEMS (EGS)
  • EPRIDA, INC.
  • ERGENICS
  • ETUDES CHEMIQUES ET PHYSIQUES SARL
  • FOSTER WHEELER CORP.
  • FUEL CELL ENERGY, INC.
  • GENERAL ATOMICS
  • H2GEN INNOVATIONS, INC.
  • HALDOR TOPSØE A/S
  • HCE, LLC
  • HERA USA, INC.
  • HTC PURENERGY
  • HY9 CORP.
  • HYDROGEN BURNER TECHNOLOGY (HBT)
  • HYDROGENICS CORP.
  • HYRADIX, INC.
  • IDATECH, LLC63065 N.E. 18TH ST.
  • INERGY AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS
  • INNOVATEK, INC.
  • LINDE AG
  • LURGI AG
  • MAGNA STEYR AG & CO. KG
  • MAKEL ENGINEERING, INC.
  • MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC.
  • MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, INC.
  • MO SCI CORP.
  • NANOLOGIX, INC.
  • NANOMIX, INC.
  • PLUG POWER, LLC
  • POLYFUEL
  • PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
  • QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC.
  • QUESTAIR TECHNOLOGIES
  • RELION, INC.
  • SECAT, INC.
  • SOLAR SYSTEMS PTY., LTD.
  • SOTACARBO S.P.A.
  • STARTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CORP.
  • TECHNIP SA
  • UHDE GMBH
  • WELDSHIP CORP.
  • ZTEK CORP
• LIST OF TABLES
  • Summary Table:
  • BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: PROJECTED GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION TONS)
  • Table 2 BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 3 HYDROGEN COMMERCIALIZATION TARGETS IN JAPAN
  • Table 4 THERMAL PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN
  • Table 5 ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN
  • Table 6 PHOTOLYTIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN
  • Table 7 U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Table 8 MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT USED TO GENERATE HYDROGEN FOR DIRECT ENERGY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL REFORMERS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 10 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 2010 TARGETS FOR ONBOARD HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS
  • Table 11 HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 12 U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Table 13 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 14 MARKET FOR PRESSURIZED CYLINDERS USED TO STORE HYDROGEN, 2006-2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 15 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN FUEL TANKS USED IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012* ($ MILLION)
  • Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 ($ BILLION)
  • Table 17 LIQUID HYDROGEN TANKER TRUCK MARKET, 2006-2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
  • Table 18 COMPRESSED HYDROGEN TUBE TRAILER MARKET, 2006-2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
  • Table 19 HYDROGEN STATION MARKET, 2006-2012 (NUMBER OF STATIONS/$ MILLION)
  • Table 20 NUMBER OF HYDROGEN STATIONS IN SERVICE WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2006
  • Table 21 PROJECTED NUMBER OF HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS IN SERVICE WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 22 PROJECTED GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN NEW HYDROGEN FUELING STATIONS, THROUGH 2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
  • Table 23 PROJECTED GLOBAL PURCHASES OF HYDROGEN HOME STATIONS, THROUGH 2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
  • Table 24 MAJOR FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 25 U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Table 26 FUEL CELL SALES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLION)
  • Table 27 MARKET FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 28 MARKET FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION ENGINES, THROUGH 2012 (UNITS/$ MILLION)
  • Table 29 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN SENSORS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
• LIST OF FIGURES
  • Summary Figure:
  • BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY SHARES, 2006 AND 2012 ($ OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS IN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT)
  • Figure 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION)
  • Figure 2 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION TRENDS, 2006-2012 (MILLION TONS)
  • Figure 3 BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TECHNOLOGY SHARES, 2006-2012 (PERCENT OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS)
  • Figure 4 U.S. HYDROGEN FUEL INITIATIVE BUDGET, FY2004-FY2008 ($ MILLION)
  • Figure 5 EERE HYDROGEN BUDGET, FY 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL EERE HYDROGEN BUDGET)
  • Figure 6 U.S. FREEDOMCAR AND VEHICLES TECHNOLOGY BUDGET FY2004-FY2008 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 7 EU INVESTMENTS IN HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL RESEARCH, 1986-2006 (MILLION EUROS)
  • Figure 8 EU FP6 HYDROGEN INVESTMENTS BY AREA (PERCENT OF TOTAL HYDROGEN INVESTMENTS)
  • Figure 9 U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 1975 -2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 10 TRENDS IN U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Figure 11 MAJOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IP PORTFOLIOS, U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED, 1975-2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 12 U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 13 TRENDS IN U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Figure 14 MAJOR HYDROGEN STORAGE IP PORTFOLIOS, U.S. ISSUED, 1975-2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 15 U.S. HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS ISSUED BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED*)
  • Figure 16 U.S. HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS ISSUED BY ASSIGNEE, THROUGH APRIL 2007, (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 17 SOURCES OF HYDROGEN FUEL FOR EXISTING AND PLANNED HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS, 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL EXISTING AND CURRENTLY PLANNED HYDROGEN STATIONS)
  • Figure 18 TREND IN NUMBER OF HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS WORLDWIDE, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF STATIONS)
  • Figure 19 FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES
  • Figure 20 U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 21 TRENDS IN US FUEL CELL PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2006 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)
  • Figure 22 MAJOR FUEL CELL IP PORTFOLIOS, U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED, 1975-2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED)
  • Figure 23 GLOBAL FUEL CELL SALES, 2006-2012 ($ BILLION)
  • Figure 24 FUEL CELL MARKET SHARES BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (PERCENT OF TOTAL $ SALES)
  • Figure 25 HOLDERS OF US HYDROGEN SENSOR PATENTS, THROUGH APRIL 2007 (PERCENT OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED*)